Weightage of marks

Drainage-chapter -3-Geography

Define the following terms: Drainage, Drainage basin, Water divide, River system.
Ans1.Drainage is the river system of an area.
Drainage Basin:-drainage basin is the area which the river is draining. It is basically the path of a river.
Water Divide:-The point where a river divides and form its distributaries is known as the water divide. Eg: western Ghats in Peninsular India & Ambala.
River System:-A river along with its tributaries is called the river system.
Q2. Name two groups into which Indian rivers are divided?
Ans2.The Himalayan rivers and the peninsular rivers.
Q3. What are perennial and seasonal rivers? give examples.
Ans3.Perennial rivers are the rivers which receive water throughout the year eg. the Himalayan rivers like river Ganga, Indus & Brahmaputra.
seasonal rivers are the rivers which receive water in the monsoon season eg. all peninsular rivers like river Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri, Mahanadi etc.
Q4. Write about different Drainage patterns formed by rivers.
.
Ans4.Different drainage patterns formed by rivers are:-
Dendritic Pattern- It is the branch like pattern formed by the rivers. It is generally formed where the river channels follows the slope of the terrain.
Trellis pattern-When a river is joined by its tributaries on approximately right angles forms trellis pattern. It forms where hard & soft rocks exists parallel to each other.
Rectangular Pattern-When a river by joining with its tributaries forms the shape of a rectangle it forms the rectangular pattern.It develops on strongly joined rocky areas.
Radial pattern-when some rivers flows in different directions from a central peak it forms radial pattern.

Q5- Write a short note on river Indus.
Ans- The river Indus is one of the longest river of the world.
-- The Indus plain has a very gentle slope with a total length of 2900km.
--The river rises in Tibet near mansarovar lake.
--It enters India in the Ladakh district of Jammu and Kashmir. It forms a picturesque gorge in this part.
--The Satluj, The Beas, The Ravi, The Chenab and The Jhelam join together to enter Indus near Mithankot in Pakisatan. The Indus flows through Baltistan and Gilgit and emerges from the mountains at Attock.
Indus - water Teaty
--According to the Indus water treaty in 1960, India can use only 20% of the total water carried by Indus river system. This water is used for irrigation in Punjab, Harayana and southern and western parts of Rajasthan.
Q6. Write about Ganga river system.

ANS.River Ganga:
The length of river Ganga is over 2500 km.
1.The headwaters of river Ganga are called “Bhagirathi” and is joined by the river Alaknanada at Devprayag in Uttaranchal
2.. Ganga is fed by Gangotri glacier
3. At Haridwar Ganga emerges on the plains from the mountains.
4.The Ganga is joined by many tributaries from Himalayas, some of them being Yamuna, Ghaghara, Gandak and Kosi.
The tributaries coming from Peninsular uplands are the Chambal, the Betwa and the Son.
5. The Ganga flows eastwards till Farakka in West Bengal. this is northern most point of ganga delta. the river bifurcates here: Bhagirathi- Hoogly.
6.Ganga flows southwards through the deltaic plains to the Bay of Bengal.
--the mainstream, flows southwards into Bangladesh and is joined by the Brahmaputra. further down stream, it is known as the Meghna. this mighty river,with waters from the Ganga,and the Brahmaputra,flows into Bay of Bengal. the delta formed is called Sunderban delta.
The Brahmputra river.

SOURCE OF RIVER:the brahmputra rises in Tibet east of Mansarowar lake very close to the sources of the Indus and Satluj.
MOUTH OF RIVER: it joins Ganga river in Bangladesh and form a delta called sunderban'........it flows down in Bay of Bengal
DRAINAGE AREA: it flows eastwards to parallel to the Himalayas. on reaching the Namcha Barwa[7757m],it takes a u' turn and enters india in Arunachal Pradesh through a gorge .here it is called the Dihang and it is joined by the Dibang, the Lohit and many other tributaries to form the Brahmputra in Assam.
SPECIAL FEATURE:in Tibet the river carries a smaller volume of water and less silt as it is a cold and a dry area. in India it passes through a region of high rainfall.the Brahmaputra has a braided channel .in it entire length in Assam and forms many riverrine islands.
Q7. Write about river systems of Narmada and Tapi
Ans1: THE NARMADA
a) Narmada river rises in the Amarkantak hills in Madhya Pradesh.
b) It flows into the Arabian sea in the west.
c) It's basin covers parts of Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat.
d) The Narmada creates many beautiful& picturesque locations.
e) All tributaries of the Narmada are very short and most of these join the main stream at right angles.
THE TAPI
a) Tapi rises in the Satpura ranges, in the Betul district of Madhya Pradesh.
b) It flows into the Arabian sea.
c) Its basin covers parts of MP, Gujarat, Maharashtra.
d) The coastal plains between western ghats & Arabian sea are very narrow, hence, this river is very short.
Q8.Distinguish between the Himalayan and Peninsular river systems

Ans2: THE HIMALAYAN RIVERS
a) Major Himalayan rivers are- the Indus, the Ganga, the Brahmaputra.
b) Himalayan rivers gives water throughout the year./ these are perenninal rivers.
c) Ganga is the longest river in Himalayan rivers.
d) These rivers are long and are joined by many large tributaries.
e) E xcept river Indus, other two fall in the Bay of Bengal.
THE PENINSULAR RIVERS
a) Major peninsular rivers are- the Mahanadi, the Krishna, the Kaveri, the Godavari in the east & the Narmada and the Tapi on west.
b) Peninsular rivers give water only in rainy season./ these rivers are seasonal.
c) Godavari is the largest river in peninsular rivers.
d) These rivers are comparatively smaller in size.
e) Except Narmada and Tapi all other rivers drain into Bay of Bengal.

Q9.River Godaveri: a note]
Ans1.The Godavari is the largest peninsular river.
--It rises from the slopes of the western ghats in Nasik, Maharashtra.
--It is about 1500km long and drains into the Bay of Bengal.
--Its basin covers parts of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa and Andhra Pradesh.
--Godavari is joined by tributaries such as the Purna, the Wardha, the Pranhita,the Manjra, the Wainganga and the Penganga.
--It is also known as the 'Dakshin Ganga', because it is the largest river in the peninsular region.
Mahanadi:
--The Mahanadi rises in the highlands of Chattisgarh.
--It flows through Orissa and reaches Bay of Bengal.
--It is about 860 km in length.
--Its drainage basin is shared by Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and Orissa.

Q.write about river systems of krishna and kaveri.

Ans.THE KRISHNA BASIN
1.Krishna river rises from a spring near Mahabaleshwar.
2.It flows for about 1400km and reaches the Bay of3.Bengal.
3.The Tungabhadra,the Koyana,the Ghatprabha,the
Musi and the Bhima are some of its tributaries.
4.Its drainage basin is shared by Maharasthra Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.

THE KAVERI BASIN
1.The Kaveri river rises in the Brahmagri range of the Western
ghats and reaches the Bay of Bengal in south of Tamil Nadu.
2.The total length of river is 760km.
3.Its main tributaries are Amravati,Bhavani,Hemavati and Kabini.
4.Itsdrainage basin includes the parts of Karnataka,Kerala and
Tamil Nadu.
5.It has several water falls in its course of theseSivasamundram deserves mention.
6.The Damoder,the Brahmani, the Baitarni and the Subarnrekha are some small rivers flowingtowards the East

Q10. India has many lakes, mention their names and also wirte about fresh water and salt water lakes.
LAKES-Lakes differ from each other in the size, and other characterstics.
Most lakes are permanent; but some contain water only during the rainy season,
like the lakes in the basins of inland drainage of semi-arid regions. there are some of the lakes which are the result of the action of glaciers and ice sheets, while
the others have been formed by wind, river action, and human activities.
Examples of some lakes- Dal lake,Chilika lake,Sambhar lake,Wular lake,Nainital etc.
Q11. Write about the importance of lakes to human beings.
Importance-.Lakes are of great value to human beings.
1. A lake helps to regulate the flow of a river.
2.During heavy rainfall, it prervents flooding and during the dry season,I t helps to maintain an even flow of water.
3.Lakes can also be used for developing hydel power.
4.They moderate the climate of the surroundings and maintain the aquatic eco system.
5. Enhance natural beauty, help develop tourism and provide recreation.
Q12- Write a short note on River Pollution.
Ans- The growing domestic, municipal, industrial and agricultural demand for water from rivers naturally affects the Quality of water. As a result, more and more water is being drained out of the rivers reducing their volume.
--This affects not only the quality of water but also self-cleansing capacity of the river.
--The increasing urbanisation and industrialisation do not allow it to happen and the pollution level of many rivers has been rising.
-- Concern over rising pollution in our rivers lead to the launching of various action plans to clean the rivers as Ganga Action Plan, Cleaning of river Yamuna etc.
OR
Q13. What are the causes of river water pollution?
Ans.Causes of water pollution:
1.A heavy load of untreated sewage and industrial effluents are emptied into the rivers.
2.The increasing urbanisation and industrialisation do not allow self-cleansing of rivers to happen and the pollution level of many rivers has been rising.

To be done during Summer vacation-2012-

Social Science
Prepare a project on the need for conservation of resources & the ways to conserve it.
Guidelines:
**Work is to be done on A4 sized sheets only.
** Prepare a 2-3 pages of report
** Project has to be hand written only
** paste pictures of conventional & nonconventional sources of energy & their use in day to day life
** Can put one hand drawn picture, can also paste the news clippings, cartoons & caricatures
** websites:
Following are some websites that you can make use of...( these are not the only ones there are many more..please explore yourself )
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_conservation
http://www.ecomall.com/greenshopping/20things.htm
http://www.alliantenergykids.com/EnergyandTheEnvironment/SavingEnergy/022390
http://www.preservearticles.com/2012030324593/why-do-we-need-to-conserve-energy-resources.html

Students are also to do the questions of Political science-chapter-1 & economics chapter -1 ( only from the covered topics)

If any querry do write in the comment box.

Formative Assessment-Class-IX- Northern Plains

Formative Assessment-Class-IX-The Deccan Plateau

Formative Assessment-Class-IX- COASTAL PLAINS

Formative Assessment-Class-IX- The Great Indian Desert.

Map Activity -class 9-C

Formative Assessment-Physical features of India-9-C

Wall magazine: A group Activity

A group activity was conducted in the class on the Topic: Physiographic divisions of India. under this activity class was divided into groups and each group was asked to prepare a wall magazine on one of the physical divisions of India and bring the same to the class and paste it on the wall. each group member also prepared few lines on the topic and spoke the same in the class. This activity benefitted the class on the whole and each child learned about the given topic in a play way manner. Some glimpse of the work done by the student and their presentations.

French Revolution

French Revolution from seemalal

FRENCH REVOLUTION Causes:
1. Division of the French society: it was divided into three Estates : the First-clergy :the Second-nobility : the Third- bussinessmen,merchants, poor peasants, labour, servants. First & second Estaes had 10% of the population and enjoyed all privileges. Rest was the third Estate -90% and were the tax payers.they also rendered their services to the other two classes.This kind of discrimination led to the revolt.
2. Despotic rule of Louis XVI : When he became the ruler of France in 1774, one found empty treasury and also drained the financial resources of France in wars. Aslo the cost of his and his wife’s regular extravaganza, lavish lifestyle resulted in the increase of taxes to run the country.
3. Rising prices / subsistence crisis : The population of France had increased, this resulted in more demand of food grains.So, the prices of bread rose rapidly, which the poor could not afford to buy and the gap between the rich and poor widened.
4. Rising middle class: A group within the third Estate who had become prosperous and had an sccess to the education and new ideas was called Middle class.All of them belived that no group should be privilged by birth rather it should be merit.
5. The inspiration of the philosophers:
Philosophers as Locke , Rousseau , Montesquieu propagated the ideas of a society where people would enjoy freedom, equal opportunities and equality .Their ideas inspired common people of France.

Q.. Which incident led to the out break of the revolution in France? OR What was the immediate cause of the French revolution?
ANS: Meeting of the Estates General: On 5th may 1789, Louis XVI called for a meeting to propose new taxes. Representatives of all the Estates were to meet at Versailles. All reached , there were 300 members from the first two Estates and 600 members from the Third Estate. They had to stand at the back peasants, artisans & women were denied the entry.
2. Demand of Universal Adult Franchise : members of the third Estate demanded the power for each member to vote . When the King rejected the demand, members of the Third Estate walked out of the Assembly to protest.
3.Formation of the National Assembly: since the number of the third estate was more, they considered themselves as the spokesmen of the nation and secretly met at the Tennis court of Versailles and declared themselves as the ‘National Assembly’. They wanted to end the feudal privileges of nobles and clergy.
4.Peasants Revolt : Rumours had spread that the king had commanded troops to move into the city and that they would destroy their rice crops. Peasants in several districts seized hoes and attacked residencies of their manors . They looted the hoarded grains and burnt the records of manorial dues.
5. Fall of the Bastille prision : During this political turmoil, French were already undergoing severe winters leading to bad harvest, which resulted in the rise in prices of bread. Angry women attacked the shops. It was the time when the king had ordered his troops to move into Paris. The angry mob attacked the Bastille prison on 14th July and this was the beginning of the revolution.

Q. What were the results of the French revolution of1789
1.Louis XVI finally gave recognition to the National Assembly.
2.King’s power were to be now checked by the constitution & constitutional monarchy was setup.
3.The Assembly passed a decree abolishing the feudal system of obligations and taxes.
4.Members of the clergy were forced to give up their privileges.
5.Tithes (taxes) were abolished and the lands owned by the church were confiscated.

Q. What do you understand by the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens ?
1. The French constitution begins with the Declaration of Rights O man and the Citizens.
2. Rights such as the right to life , freedom of speech , freedom of opinion , equality before the law were established as Natural and inalienable rights, they belong to every individual by birth and could not be taken away. 3. It was the duty of every state to protect each citizen’s natural rights.
Q. Mention the political symbols mentioned in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens.
1.The broken Chain : they were used to fetter slaves. It stands for the act of becoming free.
2.Bundle of rods or fasces : Strength lies in the unity.
3. The eye within the triangle of a radiating light : it stands for knowledge and the rays of sun will drive away the clouds of ignorance.
5.Snake biting its tail to form a ring : Symbol of eternity.
6. Red Phrygian cap: a cap worn by a slave upon becoming free.
7. Blue-white-red : The national colours of France.
8. The winged woman: Personification of the law.
9. The law tablet : The law is the same for all and all are equal before it.
Q. Name the most influential club during the French revolution.
OR Write the main feature of the Jacobin club. Who was its leader ?
The Jacobin club was the most prominent club during the French revolution.
1. It got its name from the former convent of St. Jacob in Paris.
2. Its members belonged to mainly the less prosperous sections of society – small shopkeepers, artisans, shoemakers, watchmakers, printers, servants and daily –wage earners.
3. Their leader was Maximilian Robespierre.
4. Jacobins decided to start wearing long striped trousers; this was to set themselves apart from the fashionable sections of the society, especially nobles, who wore knee breeches.
5. Jacobins came to be known as the sans-culottes, meaning those without knee breeches and also wore red caps which symbolized liberty.
Q Write about the Insurrection planned by the Jacobinans.
OR How did the people of France get right to vote?
1.In the summer of 1792 the Jacobins planned an insurrection of a large number of Parsians who were angered by the shortage of food supplies and its high prices.
2.On the morning of August 10 they stormed the Palace of the Tuileries, massacred the king’s guards and the king a hostage for several hours.
3.Later the Assembly voted to imprison the royal family.
From then all men of 21 years and above, regardless of the wealth got the right to vote.

Sample paper-cbse- SA-11-2012

Sample Question Paper
SOCIAL SCIENCE
Class-IX
Summative Assessment- II
March - 2012
List of Map Items for Examination


TIME : 3 Hrs
MM : 90

Geography

Chapter 4 (Climate)
(Meteorological Stations)
For Location & Labelling : Thiruvananthapuram, Chennai, Jodhpur, Jaipur, Bangalore,
Mumbai, Kolkata, Leh, Shillong, Delhi, Nagpur.

Chapter 5
(Natural Vegetation & Wild life)

(a) For Location & Labelling :
(i) National Parks : Corbett , Kaziranga, Ranthambhor,
Dachigam, Rajaji, Shivpuri, Kanha Kisli, Simlipal, Keoladeo
Guindy, Bandipur,
(ii) Wild life Sanctuaries : Sariska, Mudumalai, Periyar,
Chandaka.
(b) For Identification :
Forest Zones : Tropical Evergreen Forests, Tropical Thorn
Forests, Mangrove Forests, Tropical Deciduous Forests,
Montane Forests.
Chapter 6
(Population)

(a) For Location & Labelling :
The state having highest density of population.
The state having lowest density of population.
The state having highest sex ratio.
The state having lowest sex ratio.
The most populous state of India.
The most sparsely populated state of India.
Note : Items for location & Labelling may be asked for identification.

Sample Question Paper
SOCIAL SCIENCE
Class-IX
Summative Assessment- II
March - 2012
TIME : 3 Hrs Maximum Marks : 90
Instructions :

1.The question paper has 31 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.
2. Marks are indicated against each question.
3. Questions from serial number 1-10 are multiple choice questions (MCQ) of 1 mark each.
Every MCQ is provided with four alternatives. Write the correct alternative in your answer book.
4. Questions from serial number 11 to 22 are 3 marks questions. Answer of these questions should not exceed 80 words each.
5. Questions from serial number 23 to 30 are 5 marks questions. Answer of these questions should not exceed 120 words each.
6. Question number 31 is a map question of 4 marks from Geography only. After completion, attach the map inside your answer book.
1. Till the eighteenth century the shape of the cricket bat was in the shape of hockey stick. Choose the correct reason :
a) The ground was uneven.
b) The ball was bowled underarm along the ground.
c) There was no limit on the shape and the size of the bat.
d) It was easy to play in open ground.
OR
Which combination was suggested by the Rabindra Nath Tagore for India's national dress?

a) Elements of Hindu and Muslim Dress.
b) Elements of Hindu and Parsi Dress.
c) Elements of Muslim and European Dress.
d) Elements of European and Hindu Dress.

2. Why is cricket match different from other sports? Choose the correct answer.
a) The match can go on for five days and still end in a draw.
b) The playing time is an hour and half.
c) The dimension of the playing area is specified.
d) The game gets completed in nine innings.
OR
The red cap introduced by Jacobin Club symbolized :
a) Liberty
b) Equality
c) Broken Chain
d) Fraternity
3. Which one of the following types of forests is found in the Ganga-Bramputra Delta?
a) Thorny forest
b) Montane forest
c) Mangrove forest
d) Tropical Rain forest
4. Which one of the following provides an ideal habitat for the animal 'Yak'?
a) Sunderbans
b) Swampy and marshy lands of Assam
c) Rann of Kutch
d) Freezing high altitudes of Ladakh
5. Which of the following statements is against the democratic process of elections?
a) Parties and candidates should be free to contest elections.
b) Elections must be held regularly immediately after the term is over.
c) The right to vote should be given to the selected people only.
d) Elections should be conducted in a free and fair manner.
6.Which one of the following is a violation of the right to life or personal liberty?
a) The arrested person was informed about the reason of his arrest.
b) He was produced before the court within 24 hours of his arrest.
c) He was not allowed to consult his lawyer.
d) He was shown the warrant before arrest.
7. Which one of the following rights is available to the citizens of India and not to the citizens of Saudi Arabia?
a) The country is ruled by a hereditary king.
b) Citizens cannot form political parties.
c) Women are subjected to many public restrictions.
d) Citizens enjoy the freedom of religion.
8.Which one of the following is not considered as a social indicator of poverty?
a) Illiteracy level.
b) Lack of access of health care.
c) Inadequate safe drinking water.
d) Ample job opportunities.
9.Which one of the following does not ensure food security to the people?
a) Enough food is available for all the persons.
b) All persons have the capacity to buy food.
c) Extremely inadequate purchasing power.
d) There is no barrier on access to food.
10.Which Institution was set up by the Maharashtra Academy of Development Science (ADS) to facilitate a network of NGOs in different regions?
a) Gramin Bank
b) Grain Bank
c) Commercial Bank
d) Food Corporation of India
11. What is shifting cultivation? Why did the European foresters discourage the practice of shifting cultivation? 1+2=3
OR
How did the Pastoralists cope with the changes in the modern world? 3x1=3
OR
Explain the impact of introduction of machines in agriculture on poor farmers.
3x1=3
12. State any three important changes introduced in the game of cricket during the 19th century? 3x1=3
OR
What was the main objective of Sumptuary laws? Mention any two restrictions
imposed under these laws.
13. How is the climate of India governed by the atmospheric conditions? Explain with three suitable examples. 3x1=3
14. Describe any three features of advancing monsoon season. 3x1=3
15. In which region are the tropical thorny forests and shrubs found in India? Mention any four characterstics of such type of vegetation. 1+2=3
16. Explain three main processes of change of population in India. 3x1=3
17. How does the Election Commission of India regulate campaigns of political parties and candidates to ensure fair and equal chances to compete? 3x1=3
18. What are 'Reserved Constituencies'? Why was the system of reserved constituencies introduced in India? 1+2=3
19. Explain any three powers of the Prime Minister of India as Head of the State. 3x1=3
20. Explain with examples how the poverty line is estimated in India? 1½+1½=3
21. Explain any three causes for the widespread poverty in India. 3x1=3
22. Describe the three dimensions of food security. 3x1=3
23. Explain any five ideas of Dietech Brandis for management of forests in India during British period. 5x1=5
OR
Why are Maasais of Africa continuously losing their grazing grounds? Explain any five reasons.
OR
How did the Enclosure Movement benefit Britain. Explain any fine benefits. 5x1=5
24. Explain any five reasons for increase in deforestation under colonial rule. 5x1=5
OR
What was the impact of the colonial policies on the life of the pastoralists. Explain any five. 5x1=5
OR
Why were the peasants not willing to grow opium in their fields? 5x1=5
25. "Th Battle of Waterloo was won on the playing field of Eton". Justify the statement with any five suitable arguments. 5x1=5
OR
"The introduction of western style clothing in the 19th centuary in India met with severe reactions in different ways". Support the statement with suitable arguments.5
26. Describe any five provisions made in the National Population Policy of 2000. 5x1=5
27. Name the two houses of Parliament in India. Which of the two houses in more
powerful? Justify your answer with any three suitable arguments. 1+1+3=5
28. "Rights are necessary for the very sustenance of a democracy". Give any five
arguments to support the statement. 5x1=5
29. Explain five important anti-poverty measures undertaken by the Government of India. 5x1=5
30. What is buffer stock? Why is the buffer stock created by the government? 1+4=5
31.a)Two features A and B are shown in the political outline map of India. Identify these features with the help of following information and write their correct names on the line marked on the map. 2x1=2
A-Type of forest
B-The state having lowest sex-ratio
b) On the same political outline map of India locate and label the following items with appropriate symbols:
(i) Thiruvananthapuram - A weather station
(ii) Corbett National Park
2x1=2
Note : The following questions are for the BLIND CANDIDATES only in lieu of
Q.No. 31.
(31.1) Name the type of forest found in most parts of Arunachal Pradesh.
(31.2) Which state has the lowest sex ratio?
(31.3) Name the weather station located in the southern part of Karela.
(31.4) Name any national park located in Uttarakhand (Uttaranchal). 4x1=4

Marking Scheme
SOCIAL SCIENCE
Class-IX
Summative Assessment- II
March - 2012
TIME : 3 Hrs MM : 80
Q.no Marks
1 ______________________ (b) or (a) 1
2 ______________________ (a) or (a) 1
3 ______________________ (c) 1
4 ______________________ (d) 1
5 ______________________ (c) 1
6 ______________________ (c) 1
7 ______________________ (d) 1
8 ______________________ (d) 1
9 ______________________ (c) 1
10 _____________________ (b) 1
11 _____________________ (b) 1
12 _____________________ (c) 1
13 _____________________ (c) 1
14 _____________________ (b) 1
15 _____________________ (c) 1
16 _____________________ (d) 1

11. (i) In shifting cultivation, parts of the forest are cut and burnt in rotation. Seeds are sown in the ashes. Such plots are cultivated for a couple of years and then left follow to regain fetility. 1 marks
ii) Europeans discouraged practice of shifting cultivation:
1. Considered the practice harmful for the forests.
2. Lands used for shifting cultivation could not be used to grow trees for railway
timber.
3. Danger of the flames spreading and burning valuable timber.
4. Difficulty in the calculation of taxes.
Any other relevant point 2 marks
Any two points (1+2=3 marks)
OR
Pastoralists coped with the changes by the following ways.
1. Reduced the number of cattle.
2. Moved to new pasture lands.
3. Became agriculturalist.
4. Became traders.
Any other relevant point
Any three points 3x1=3
OR
Impact of introduction of machine in agriculture on poor farmers
1. It brought misery to poor farmers.
2.They came under debt.
3. They had to leave their farms.
4. Look for alternate jobs.
5. Difficulty in finding jobs.
Any other relevant point. Any three points. 3x1=3
12. Changes in the game of cricket1.
The exact circumference of the ball was specified.
2. Protective equipment like pads & gloves became available.
3. Boundaries were introduced where previously all shots had to be run.
4. Over arm bowling became legal.
Any other relevant point. Any three points 3x1=3
OR
Objective of Sumptuary laws was to control the behaviour of those considered social inferiors.
1 Restrictions.
1. Preventing them from wearing certain clothes.
2. Consuming certain foods & beverages.
3. Hunting game in certain areas.
Any other relevant point. Any two points to be mentioned 2
13. The climate of India is governed by the following atmospheric conditions.
a) Pressure and surface winds.
b)Upper air circulation.
c) Western cyclonic disturbances and tropical cyclones.
(a) Development of low and high pressure during different seasons and the consequent development and pattern of wind movements.
(b) Development and the position of Jet stream during different seasons.
(c) Inflow of western disturbances during winters and the development of tropical cyclones over the seas. Explanation of each point. 3x1=3
14.Features of Advancing Monsoon:
(i) June to September is the period of advancing monsoon.
(ii) Development of monsoon low pressure trough.
(iii) Formation of south west monsoon winds.
(iv) Distribution of rainfull across the country.
(v) Breaks in monsoon.
(vi) Known for uncertainties.
Any other relevant feature Any three points to be explained
3x1=3
(ix) The Monsoon is known for its uncertainties. The alternation of dry and wet spells vary in intensity, frequency and duration. It causes heavy floods in one part and droughts in the other.
(x) It is often irregular in its arrival and its retreat.
Any three features. 4x1=4
15. Thorn forests and scrubs are found in the north western part of India including semi-arid areas of
Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana. 1mark
Characteristics :
(i) Found in regions with less than 70cm of rainfall
(ii) Trees are scattered and have long roots penetrating deep into soil to get moisture.
(iii) Stems are succulent to conserve water.
(iv) Leaves are thick and small to minimise evaporation.
1+2=3 marks
16. Any two points: 1+2=3
In India
(i) Birth Rate is the number of live births per thousand persons in a year. It is a major component of growth of population. In India birth rates have always been higher than death rates.
(ii) Death Rate is the number of deaths per thousand persons in a year. Rapid decline in death rate is the main cause of rapid growth in population rapidly. Since 1981 birth rate has also started declining
resulting in a gradual decline in the rate of population growth.
(iii) Migration is the movement of people across regions and territories. Migration can be internal or international. Internal migration does not change the size of the population within the nation.
Migration plays a very significant role in changing the composition and distribution of population.3x1=3
17. According to our election commission laws no party or candidate can:
i) Bribe or threaten voters
ii) Appeal to voters in the name of caste or religion
iii) Use government resources for election campaign ;
iv) Spend not more than 25 lakhs in a constituency for Lok Sabha election or 10 lakhs in a constituency in an assembly election. 3x1=3
Any other relevant point.
Any three points.
18.Reserved Constituencies:
Some constituencies are reserved for people who belong to the Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST). In these constituencies, only someone who belongs to these categories
can contest election.
Arguments for introduction of Reserved Contituencies
(i) The Constitution makers were worried that in an open electoral competition, certain weaker sections may not stand a good chance to get elected to Lok Sabha and the State Legislative Assemblies.
(ii) They may not have the required resources, education and contacts to contest and win elections against others.
(iii) If the reservation is not done, our Parliament and Assemblies would be deprived of the voice of a significant section of our population. 3+1=3
19. Powers of the Prime Minister as Head of the State.The Prime minister:
(i) chairs cabinet meetings.
(ii) coordinates the work of different departments.
(iii) exercises general supervision of different ministries.
(iv) distributes and redistributes work to the ministers.
(v) has the power to dismiss ministers.
(vi) his/her decisions are final in case of disagreement between the departments.
Any other relevant point
Any three points to beexplained 3x1=3
20.The poverty line is estimated in India.
The common method used to estimate poverty line in India is based on income or consumption method.
Income Method - For the year 2000, the poverty line for a person was fixed at Rs 328 per month for the rural areas and Rs. 454 for the urban areas.
Consumption Method - The accepted average calorie requirement in India is 2400 calories per person per day in rural areas and 2100 calories per person per day in urban areas 1½+1½=3
21. Causes for the widespread poverty in India:
i) Low level of economic development under colonial rule.
ii) Less job opportunities
iii) Low growth rate of income.
iv) High growth rate of population.
v) Low per capital income
Any other relevant point
Any three points to be explained 3x1=3
22. Food security has following dimensions:1.
Availability of food means food production within the country, food imports and the previous years stock stored in government granaries.
2.Accessibility means food is within reach of every person
3. Affordability implies that an individual has enough money to buy sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet one's dietary needs.
Any other relevant point Any three points 3x1=3
23. Five Ideas of Dietrich Brandis for Management of forest in India
i) Training people in the science of conservation
ii) Framing rules about the use of forest resources
iii) Restriction on felling of trees
iv) Restriction on grazing
v) Preservation of forest for timber production
Anyother relevant point. Any five points to be explained. 5x1=5
OR
The main reasons for the continuous loss of grazing lands of Maasais:
(i) Europeon imperial powers scrambled for territorial possessions in Africa, slicing up the region into different colonies.
(ii) Maasai land was divided into British Kenya and German Tanganyika.
(iii) Thebest grazing lands were gradually taken over by white settlements andMaasais were pushed
into a small area.
(iv) The Maasais lost about 60 percent of their pre-coloical lands.
(v) They were confined to an arid zone with uncertain rainfall and poor pastures.
(vi) Large areas of grazing land were turned into game reserves.
Any other relevant point.
Any five points to be explained. 5X1=5
OR
(i) Grain production grew as quickly as population.
(ii)Landlords sliced up pasture lands, carved up open fields, cut up forest commons, took over marshes,
and turned larger areas into agricultural fields.
(iii) Enclosures were seen as necessity to make long term investments on land.
(iv) Planned crop rotation to improve their soil
(v) It also allowed the rich landowners to expand the land under their control and produce more for the markets.
(vi) Any other relevant point.
Any five benefits to be explained. 5x1=5
24. Five reasons for increase in deforerstation under the colonial rule:
i) Increase in demand for food.
ii) Forests were considered unproductive by the colonial rulers.
iii)Increase in need for raw materials for industrial production.
iv)Spread of railways
v) Development of plantation
Any other relevant point
Any five points to be explained 5x1=5
OR
Impact of the colonial policies on the life of Pastoralists
i) Loss of grazing land.
ii) Loss of cattle.
iii) Decline in the quality pastures.
iv) Shortage of forage for animals.
v) Death of cattle or
Any other relevant point Any five points to be explained 5x1=5
OR
The Peasants were not willing to grow opium in their fields.
i) The crop had to be grown on their best lands.
ii) Many cultivators owned no land.
iii) The rents charged on good lands near village was very high.
iv) Growing of opium was a difficult process.
v) The price given by government was low.
Any other relevant point
Any five points to be explained 5x1=5
25. (i) Britain's military success was based on the values taught to school boys in its public schools. 1+2=3
(ii) Eton was the most famous of these schools.
(iii) The English boarding school was the institution that trained English boys for
careers in the military, the civil service & the church.
(iv) Men like Thomas Arnold, head master of the famous Rugby School and founder of the modern public school system, saw team support like cricket and rugby not just as outdoor play, but as an organised way of teaching English boys the discipline.
(v) It taught the English boys, the importance of codes of honour and the leadership qualities that helped then build and run the British empire.
Any other relevant point. Any five arguments to be given. 5x1=5
OR
Many Indians reacted differently by the introduction of western style clothing.
(i) The wealthy Parsis of western India were among the first to adapt western style of clothing. Baggy trousers and the Phenta (or hat) were added to long colourless coats with boots and a walking stick to look like a gentleman.
(ii) Tosome, western clothes were a sign of modernity and progress.
(ii) There were others who were convinced that western culture would lead to a loss of traditional cultural identity.
(iv) The use of western style clothes was taken as a sign of the world turning upside down.
(v) Some men resolved this dilemma by wearing western clothes without giving up their Indian ones.
Anyother relevant point. Any five arguments to begiven. 5x1=5
26. Provisions made in the National Population Policy 2000
i) Imparting compulsory school education upto 14 years of age.
ii) Reducing infant mortality rate to below 30 per 1000 live birth.
iii) Achieving universal immunisation of children against all vaccine preventable diseases.
iv) Raising marriage age for girls.
v) Making family welfare a people centred programme.
Any other relevant point. Any five points 5x1=5
27. Two Houses of Parliament in India:
i) Lok Sabha & Rajya Sabha
ii) Lok Sabha is more powerful.
iii) a. If both the houses disagree on an ordinary bill, the will of Lok Sabha will prevail in the joint session due to its larger number.
b. Lok Sabha enjoys more powers in money matter. For example a money bill can only be introduced in Lok Sabha.
c. Lok Sabha controls the Council of Ministers.
d. Only Lok Sabha can pass the no confidence motion against the Council of Ministers.
Any other relevant point
Any three points 1+1+3=5
28. Rights are necessary for the sustenance of democracy because:
(i) Every citizen must have the right to vote and the right to be elected.
(ii) Every citizen should have the right to express his/her opinion.
(iii) Citizens have the right to form political parties.
(iv) Right to project minorities from the oppression of majority.
(v) Right to act as a check on misuse of government power.
Any other relevant point Any five arguments to be given (5x1=5)

9.Anti-Poverty Measures taken by teh Government of India.
1. National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) 2005
The Act provides 100 days assured employment every year to every rural household in 200 districts.
2. National Food for Work Programme.(NFWP) 2004 was launched in 150 most backward districts of the country. It is open to all rural poor who are in need of wage employment.
3. Prime Minister Rozgar Yogana (PMRY) 1993.
The aim is to create self employment opportunities for educated youth in rural areas and small towns.
4. Rural Empoyment Generation Programme (REGP) 1995
The aim to is to create self employment opportunities in rural areas.
5. Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yogana (SGSY) 1999.
It aims at bringing the poor families above poverty line by organizing them into self help groups through bank credit and government subsidy.
Any other relevant point Any five measures to be explained 5x1=5
30. Buffer stock is the stock of foodgrains and rice procured by the government through Food Corporation of India (FCI). 1
Buffer stock is created by the government :
(i) To distribute foodgrains in the deficit areas.
(ii) To use among the poorer strata of society at a lower price.
(iii) Toresolve the problem of shortage of food during adverse weather conditions or during the periods of calamity.
(iv) Any other point to maintain food security
Any other relevant point Any four points 1+ 4 = 5
31. See attached map for answer.
FOR BLIND CANDIDATES

(31.1) Montane Forests
(31.2) Haryana
(31.3.) Thiruvananthapuram
(31.4) Corbett National Park or Rajaji National Park
4 x 1 = 4
32.
Reserved Constituencies:
Some constituencies are reserved for people who belong to the Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled
Tribes (ST). In these constituencies, only some one who belongs to these categories can contest for
election.

Q. No. 31 (Answer)
Arguements for justification of the Concept

(i) The Constitution makers were worried that in an open electoral competition, certain weaker sections may not stand a good chance to get elected to Lok Sabha and the State Legislative Assemblies.
(ii) They may not have the required resources, education and contacts to contest and win elections against others.
(iii) If the reservation isnot done, our Parliament and Assemblies would be deprived of the voice of a significant Section of our population. 3x1=3
33. (i) Parliaments all over the world make laws, change existing laws or abolish existing laws and replace them by new ones. 1+3=4
(ii) Itexercises control over those who run the government.
(iii) Parliament controls all the money that government has.
(iv) Parliament is the highest forum of discussion and debate on public issues and national policies.
(v)Parliament can seek information on any matter. 4x1=4
Any four points.

Holidays Homework-2012- Cricket

Topic: Cricket
Collect information on Cricket and write it on the A4 size sheets. Also paste pictures wherever they are required.
It should be a 15-20 paged project.
Choose any one Topic from the following:
1. Evolution of cricket
2. Spread of cricket- India and South Africa
3. Equipments used in the cricket and changes in the same.
4. Commercialisation of cricket
5. Cricket and media.
(Difference between the two (old and contemporary(new) cricket))
Students are to write following information :
Page 1 - Name, clas, roll no., name of the project
Page 2 – Acknowlegement
Page 3 - Index
Last page - Bibliography (source of information)
Note: Make your project informative and put lots of pictures where ever needed, try to be creative and make use of Text book and Newspaper information.